APE: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution in R language

ape 3.0: New tools for distance-based phylogenetics and evolutionary analysis in R

UNLABELLED Reflecting its continuously increasing versatility and functionality, the popularity of the ape (analysis of phylogenetics and evolution) software package has grown steadily over the years. Among its features, it has a strong distance-based component allowing the user to compute distances from aligned DNA sequences based on most methods from the literature and also build phylogenetic...

Evolution of the second orangutan: phylogeny and biogeography of hominid origins

Methods Maximum parsimony analysis was used to assess phylogenetic relationships among living large-bodied hominoids (= humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans), and various related African, Asian and European ape fossils. Biogeographical characteristics were analysed for vicariant replacement, main massings and nodes. A geomorphological correlation was identified for a clade we refe...

Dynamic Categorization of Semantics of Fashion Language: A Memetic Approach

Categories are not invariant. This paper attempts to explore the dynamic nature of semantic category, in particular, that of fashion language, based on the cognitive theory of Dawkins’ memetics, a new theory of cultural evolution. Semantic attributes of linguistic memes decrease or proliferate in replication and spreading, which involves a dynamic development of semantic category. More specific...

Ape Signing: Problems of Method and Interpretation

R E P O R T S I N T H E LAST DECADE that apes can learn to communicate with humans using a rudimentary form of sign lang~agel-~ have been received with great interest. For many anthropologists, linguists, philosophers, and psychologists, research with apes such as Washoe, Koko, and others appeared to provide decisive evidence bearing on several fundamental issues. For example, the belief that l...

R programming in phylogenetics and evolution